source: Papers/jar-cerco-2017/cerco.tex @ 3656

Last change on this file since 3656 was 3656, checked in by mulligan, 3 years ago

cannibalising bits of project report for compiler proof section
File size: 6.4 KB
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73\title{CerCo: Certified Complexity\thanks{The project CerCo acknowledges the
74financial support of the Future and Emerging Technologies (FET) programme within
75the Seventh Framework Programme for Research of the European Commission, under
76FET-Open grant number: 243881}}
77\subtitle{Source-level complexity analysis for a large fragment of C}
78\journalname{Journal of Automated Reasoning}
79\titlerunning{Certified Complexity}
80\date{Received: date / Accepted: date}
81\author{Jaap Boender \and Brian Campbell \and Dominic P. Mulligan \and Claudio Sacerdoti~Coen
82        \and %Roberto
83Roberto~M. Amadio \and
84Nicolas Ayache \and
85Fran\c{c}ois Bobot \and
86Ilias Garnier \and
87Antoine Madet \and
88James McKinna \and
89Mauro Piccolo \and
90Randy Pollack \and
91Yann R\'{e}gis-Gianas \and
92Ian Stark \and
93Paolo Tranquilli} % who else?
94\authorrunning{Boender, Campbell, Mulligan, and Sacerdoti~Coen}
95\institute{Roberto M. Amadio, Antoine Madet, and Yann R\'{e}gis-Gianas \at
96            Universit\'e Paris Diderot (Paris 7), Paris, France.
97           \and
98           Nicolas Ayache \at
99            IKOS Consulting, France.
100           \and
101           Fran\c{c}ois Bobot \at
102           Software Reliability Laboratory, CEA, France.
103           \and
104           Jaap Boender \at
105              Middlesex University London, United Kingdom.
106           \and
107           Brian Campbell, James McKinna, Randy Pollack, and Ian Stark \at
108              University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
109           \and
110           Ilias Garnier, \at
111             \'Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Paris, France.
112           \and
113           Dominic P. Mulligan \at
114             University of Cambridge, United Kingdom.
115           \and
116           Claudio Sacerdoti~Coen \at
117              University of Bologna, Italy.}
118
119\begin{document}
120
121\maketitle
122
123\begin{abstract}
124Concrete non-functional properties of programs---for example, time and space usage as measured in basal units of measure such as milliseconds and bytes allocated---are important components of the specification of a program, and therefore overall program correctness.
125Indeed, for many application domains, concrete complexity analysis is arguably more important than any asymptotic complexity analysis.
126Libraries exporting cryptographic primitives that must be impervious to timing side-channel attacks, or real-time applications with hard timing limits on responsiveness, are examples.
127
128Worst Case Execution Time tools, based on abstract interpretation, currently represent the state-of-the-art in determining concrete time bounds for a program execution.
129These tools suffer from a number of disadvantages, not least the fact that all analysis is performed on machine code, rather than high-level source code, making results hard to interpret by programmers.
130Further, these tools are often complex pieces of software, whose analysis is hard to trust.
131More ideal would be a mechanism to `lift' a cost model from the machine code generated by a compiler, back to the source code level, where analyses could be performed in terms understood by the programmer.
132How one could incorporate the precision of traditional static analyses into such a high-level approach---and how this could be done reliably---is not \emph{a priori} clear.
133
134In this paper, we describe the scientific contributions of the European Union's FET-Open Project CerCo (`Certified Complexity').
135CerCo's main achievement is the development of a technique for analysing non-functional properties of programs at the source level, with little or no loss of accuracy, and a small trusted code base.
136The core component of the project is a compiler for a large fragment of the C programming language, verified in the Matita theorem prover, that produces an instrumented copy of the source code in addition to generating object code.
137This instrumentation exposes, and tracks precisely, the concrete (non-asymptotic) computational cost of the input program at the source level.
138Untrusted invariant generators and trusted theorem provers may then be used to compute and certify the parametric execution time of the code.
139
140We describe the architecture of our C compiler, its proof of correctness, and the associated toolchain developed around the compiler.
141Using our toolchain, we describe a case study in applying our technique to the verification of concrete timing bounds for cryptographic code.
142
143\keywords{Verified compilation \and Complexity analysis \and Worst Case Execution Time analysis \and CerCo (`Certified Complexity') \and Matita}
144\end{abstract}
145
146\include{introduction}
147\include{architecture}
148\include{proof}
149\include{development}
150\include{framac}
151\include{conclusions}
152
153\begin{acknowledgements}
154\end{acknowledgements}
155
156\bibliographystyle{spmpsci}
157\bibliography{cerco}
158
159\end{document}
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