1 | (* -=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-= *) |
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2 | (* Nat.ma: Natural numbers and common arithmetical functions. *) |
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3 | (* -=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-= *) |
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4 | include "Cartesian.ma". |
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5 | include "Bool.ma". |
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6 | |
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7 | include "logic/pts.ma". |
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8 | include "Plogic/equality.ma". |
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9 | include "Plogic/connectives.ma". |
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10 | |
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11 | (* -=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-= *) |
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12 | (* The datatype. *) |
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13 | (* -=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-= *) |
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14 | ninductive Nat: Type[0] ≝ |
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15 | Z: Nat |
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16 | | S: Nat → Nat. |
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17 | |
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18 | (* -=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-= *) |
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19 | (* Orderings. *) |
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20 | (* -=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-= *) |
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21 | |
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22 | ninductive less_than_or_equal_p (n: Nat): Nat → Prop ≝ |
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23 | ltoe_refl: less_than_or_equal_p n n |
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24 | | ltoe_step: ∀m: Nat. less_than_or_equal_p n m → less_than_or_equal_p n (S m). |
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25 | |
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26 | nlet rec less_than_or_equal_b (m: Nat) (n: Nat) on m: Bool ≝ |
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27 | match m with |
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28 | [ Z ⇒ True |
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29 | | S o ⇒ |
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30 | match n with |
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31 | [ Z ⇒ False |
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32 | | S p ⇒ less_than_or_equal_b o p |
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33 | ] |
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34 | ]. |
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35 | |
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36 | notation "hvbox(n break ≤ m)" |
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37 | non associative with precedence 47 |
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38 | for @{ 'less_than_or_equal $n $m }. |
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39 | |
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40 | interpretation "Nat less than or equal prop" 'less_than_or_equal n m = (less_than_or_equal_p n m). |
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41 | interpretation "Nat less than or equal bool" 'less_than_or_equal n m = (less_than_or_equal_b n m). |
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42 | |
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43 | ndefinition greater_than_or_equal_p: Nat → Nat → Prop ≝ |
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44 | λm, n: Nat. |
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45 | n ≤ m. |
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46 | |
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47 | ndefinition greater_than_or_equal_b ≝ |
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48 | λm, n: Nat. |
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49 | n ≤ m. |
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50 | |
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51 | notation "hvbox(n break ≥ m)" |
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52 | non associative with precedence 47 |
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53 | for @{ 'greater_than_or_equal $n $m }. |
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54 | |
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55 | |
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56 | interpretation "Nat greater than or equal prop" 'greater_than_or_equal n m = (greater_than_or_equal_p n m). |
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57 | interpretation "Nat greater than or equal bool" 'greater_than_or_equal n m = (greater_than_or_equal_b n m). |
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58 | |
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59 | (* Add Boolean versions. *) |
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60 | ndefinition less_than_p ≝ |
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61 | λm, n: Nat. |
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62 | m ≤ n ∧ ¬(m = n). |
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63 | |
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64 | notation "hvbox(n break < m)" |
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65 | non associative with precedence 47 |
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66 | for @{ 'less_than $n $m }. |
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67 | |
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68 | interpretation "Nat less than prop" 'less_than n m = (less_than_p n m). |
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69 | |
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70 | ndefinition greater_than_p ≝ |
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71 | λm, n: Nat. |
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72 | n < m. |
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73 | |
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74 | notation "hvbox(n break > m)" |
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75 | non associative with precedence 47 |
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76 | for @{ 'greater_than $n $m }. |
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77 | |
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78 | interpretation "Nat greater than prop" 'greater_than n m = (greater_than_p n m). |
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79 | |
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80 | (* -=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-= *) |
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81 | (* Addition and subtraction. *) |
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82 | (* -=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-= *) |
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83 | nlet rec plus (n: Nat) (o: Nat) on n ≝ |
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84 | match n with |
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85 | [ Z ⇒ o |
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86 | | S p ⇒ S (plus p o) |
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87 | ]. |
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88 | |
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89 | notation "hvbox(n break + m)" |
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90 | right associative with precedence 52 |
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91 | for @{ 'plus $n $m }. |
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92 | |
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93 | interpretation "Nat plus" 'plus n m = (plus n m). |
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94 | |
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95 | nlet rec minus (n: Nat) (o: Nat) on n ≝ |
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96 | match n with |
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97 | [ Z ⇒ Z |
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98 | | S p ⇒ |
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99 | match o with |
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100 | [ Z ⇒ S p |
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101 | | S q ⇒ minus p q |
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102 | ] |
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103 | ]. |
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104 | |
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105 | notation "hvbox(n break - m)" |
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106 | right associative with precedence 47 |
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107 | for @{ 'minus $n $m }. |
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108 | |
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109 | interpretation "Nat minus" 'minus n m = (minus n m). |
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110 | |
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111 | (* -=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-= *) |
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112 | (* Multiplication, modulus and division. *) |
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113 | (* -=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-= *) |
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114 | |
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115 | nlet rec multiplication (n: Nat) (o: Nat) on n ≝ |
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116 | match n with |
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117 | [ Z ⇒ Z |
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118 | | S p ⇒ o + (multiplication p o) |
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119 | ]. |
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120 | |
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121 | notation "hvbox(n break * m)" |
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122 | right associative with precedence 47 |
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123 | for @{ 'multiplication $n $m }. |
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124 | |
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125 | interpretation "Nat multiplication" 'times n m = (multiplication n m). |
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126 | |
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127 | nlet rec division_aux (m: Nat) (n : Nat) (p: Nat) ≝ |
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128 | match n ≤ p with |
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129 | [ True ⇒ Z |
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130 | | False ⇒ |
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131 | match m with |
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132 | [ Z ⇒ Z |
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133 | | (S q) ⇒ S (division_aux q (n - (S p)) p) |
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134 | ] |
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135 | ]. |
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136 | |
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137 | ndefinition division ≝ |
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138 | λm, n: Nat. |
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139 | match n with |
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140 | [ Z ⇒ S m |
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141 | | S o ⇒ division_aux m m o |
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142 | ]. |
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143 | |
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144 | notation "hvbox(n break ÷ m)" |
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145 | right associative with precedence 47 |
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146 | for @{ 'division $n $m }. |
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147 | |
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148 | interpretation "Nat division" 'division n m = (division n m). |
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149 | |
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150 | nlet rec modulus_aux (m: Nat) (n: Nat) (p: Nat) ≝ |
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151 | match n ≤ p with |
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152 | [ True ⇒ n |
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153 | | False ⇒ |
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154 | match m with |
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155 | [ Z ⇒ n |
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156 | | S o ⇒ modulus_aux o (n - (S p)) p |
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157 | ] |
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158 | ]. |
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159 | |
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160 | ndefinition modulus ≝ |
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161 | λm, n: Nat. |
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162 | match n with |
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163 | [ Z ⇒ m |
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164 | | S o ⇒ modulus_aux m m o |
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165 | ]. |
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166 | |
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167 | notation "hvbox(n break % m)" |
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168 | right associative with precedence 47 |
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169 | for @{ 'modulus $n $m }. |
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170 | |
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171 | interpretation "Nat modulus" 'modulus m n = (modulus m n). |
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172 | |
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173 | ndefinition divide_with_remainder ≝ |
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174 | λm, n: Nat. |
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175 | mk_Cartesian Nat Nat (m ÷ n) (modulus m n). |
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176 | |
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177 | (* -=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-= *) |
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178 | (* Exponentials, and square roots. *) |
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179 | (* -=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-= *) |
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180 | |
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181 | nlet rec exponential (m: Nat) (n: Nat) on n ≝ |
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182 | match n with |
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183 | [ Z ⇒ S (Z) |
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184 | | S o ⇒ m * exponential m o |
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185 | ]. |
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186 | |
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187 | notation "hvbox(n ^ m)" |
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188 | left associative with precedence 52 |
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189 | for @{ 'exponential $n $m }. |
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190 | |
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191 | interpretation "Nat exponential" 'exponential n m = (exponential n m). |
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192 | |
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193 | (* -=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-= *) |
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194 | (* Greatest common divisor and least common multiple. *) |
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195 | (* -=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-= *) |
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196 | |
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197 | (* -=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-= *) |
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198 | (* Lemmas. *) |
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199 | (* -=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-= *) |
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200 | |
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201 | nlemma less_than_or_equal_zero: |
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202 | ∀n: Nat. |
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203 | Z ≤ n. |
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204 | #n. |
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205 | nelim n. |
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206 | //. |
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207 | #N. |
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208 | napply ltoe_step. |
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209 | nqed. |
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210 | |
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211 | (* |
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212 | nlemma less_than_or_equal_injective: |
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213 | ∀m, n: Nat. |
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214 | S m ≤ S n → m ≤ n. |
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215 | #m n. |
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216 | nelim m. |
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217 | #H. |
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218 | napplyS less_than_or_equal_zero. |
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219 | #N H H2. |
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220 | ndestruct. |
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221 | |
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222 | nlemma less_than_or_equal_zero_equal_zero: |
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223 | ∀m: Nat. |
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224 | m ≤ Z → m = Z. |
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225 | #m. |
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226 | nelim m. |
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227 | //. |
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228 | #N H H2. |
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229 | nnormalize. |
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230 | *) |
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231 | |
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232 | nlemma less_than_or_equal_reflexive: |
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233 | ∀n: Nat. |
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234 | n ≤ n. |
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235 | #n. |
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236 | nelim n. |
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237 | nnormalize. |
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238 | @. |
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239 | #N H. |
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240 | nnormalize. |
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241 | //. |
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242 | nqed. |
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243 | |
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244 | (* |
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245 | nlemma less_than_or_equal_succ: |
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246 | ∀m, n: Nat. |
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247 | S m ≤ n → m ≤ n. |
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248 | #m n. |
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249 | nelim m. |
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250 | #H. |
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251 | napplyS less_than_or_equal_zero. |
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252 | #N H H2. |
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253 | //. |
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254 | napplyS H. |
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255 | |
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256 | |
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257 | nlemma less_than_or_equal_transitive: |
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258 | ∀m, n, o: Nat. |
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259 | m ≤ n ∧ n ≤ o → m ≤ o. |
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260 | #m n o. |
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261 | nelim m. |
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262 | #H. |
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263 | napply less_than_or_equal_zero. |
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264 | #N H H2. |
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265 | nnormalize. |
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266 | #; |
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267 | *) |
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268 | |
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269 | nlemma plus_zero: |
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270 | ∀n: Nat. |
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271 | n + Z = n. |
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272 | #n. |
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273 | nelim n. |
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274 | nnormalize. |
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275 | @. |
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276 | #N H. |
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277 | nnormalize. |
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278 | nrewrite > H. |
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279 | @. |
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280 | nqed. |
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281 | |
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282 | nlemma plus_associative: |
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283 | ∀m, n, o: Nat. |
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284 | (m + n) + o = m + (n + o). |
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285 | #m n o. |
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286 | nelim m. |
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287 | nnormalize. |
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288 | @. |
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289 | #N H. |
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290 | nnormalize. |
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291 | nrewrite > H. |
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292 | @. |
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293 | nqed. |
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294 | |
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295 | nlemma succ_plus: |
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296 | ∀m, n: Nat. |
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297 | S(m + n) = m + S(n). |
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298 | #m n. |
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299 | nelim m. |
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300 | nnormalize. |
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301 | @. |
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302 | #N H. |
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303 | nnormalize. |
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304 | nrewrite > H. |
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305 | @. |
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306 | nqed. |
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307 | |
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308 | nlemma succ_plus_succ_zero: |
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309 | ∀n: Nat. |
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310 | S n = plus n (S Z). |
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311 | #n. |
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312 | nelim n. |
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313 | //. |
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314 | #N H. |
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315 | //. |
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316 | nqed. |
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317 | |
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318 | nlemma plus_symmetrical: |
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319 | ∀m, n: Nat. |
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320 | m + n = n + m. |
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321 | #m n. |
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322 | nelim m. |
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323 | nnormalize. |
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324 | nelim n. |
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325 | nnormalize. |
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326 | @. |
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327 | #N H. |
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328 | nnormalize. |
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329 | nrewrite < H. |
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330 | @. |
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331 | #N H. |
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332 | nnormalize. |
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333 | nrewrite > H. |
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334 | napplyS succ_plus. |
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335 | nqed. |
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336 | |
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337 | nlemma multiplication_zero_right_neutral: |
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338 | ∀m: Nat. |
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339 | m * Z = Z. |
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340 | #m. |
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341 | nelim m. |
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342 | nnormalize. |
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343 | @. |
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344 | #N H. |
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345 | nnormalize. |
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346 | nrewrite > H. |
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347 | @. |
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348 | nqed. |
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349 | |
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350 | nlemma multiplication_succ: |
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351 | ∀m, n: Nat. |
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352 | m * S(n) = m + (m * n). |
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353 | #m n. |
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354 | nelim m. |
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355 | nnormalize. |
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356 | @. |
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357 | #N H. |
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358 | nnormalize. |
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359 | //. |
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360 | nqed. |
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361 | |
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362 | nlemma multiplication_symmetrical: |
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363 | ∀m, n: Nat. |
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364 | m * n = n * m. |
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365 | #m n. |
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366 | nelim m. |
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367 | nnormalize. |
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368 | nelim n. |
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369 | nnormalize. |
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370 | @. |
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371 | #N H. |
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372 | nnormalize. |
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373 | nrewrite < H. |
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374 | @. |
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375 | #N H. |
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376 | nnormalize. |
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377 | nrewrite > H. |
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378 | napplyS multiplication_succ. |
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379 | nqed. |
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380 | |
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381 | nlemma multiplication_succ_zero_left_neutral: |
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382 | ∀m: Nat. |
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383 | (S Z) * m = m. |
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384 | #m. |
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385 | nelim m. |
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386 | nnormalize. |
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387 | @. |
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388 | #N H. |
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389 | nnormalize. |
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390 | //. |
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391 | nqed. |
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392 | |
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393 | nlemma multiplication_succ_zero_right_neutral: |
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394 | ∀m: Nat. |
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395 | m * (S Z) = m. |
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396 | #m. |
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397 | nelim m. |
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398 | nnormalize. |
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399 | @. |
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400 | #N H. |
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401 | nnormalize. |
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402 | nrewrite > H. |
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403 | @. |
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404 | nqed. |
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405 | |
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406 | nlemma multiplication_distributes_right_plus: |
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407 | ∀m, n, o: Nat. |
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408 | (m + n) * o = m * o + n * o. |
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409 | #m n o. |
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410 | nelim m. |
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411 | nnormalize. |
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412 | @. |
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413 | #N H. |
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414 | nnormalize. |
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415 | nrewrite > H. |
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416 | napplyS plus_associative. |
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417 | nqed. |
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418 | |
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419 | nlemma multiplication_distributes_left_plus: |
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420 | ∀m, n, o: Nat. |
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421 | o * (m + n) = o * m + o * n. |
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422 | #m n o. |
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423 | napplyS multiplication_symmetrical. |
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424 | nqed. |
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425 | |
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426 | nlemma mutliplication_associative: |
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427 | ∀m, n, o: Nat. |
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428 | m * (n * o) = (m * n) * o. |
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429 | #m n o. |
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430 | nelim m. |
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431 | nnormalize. |
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432 | @. |
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433 | #N H. |
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434 | nnormalize. |
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435 | nrewrite > H. |
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436 | napplyS multiplication_distributes_right_plus. |
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437 | nqed. |
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438 | |
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439 | nlemma minus_minus: |
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440 | ∀n: Nat. |
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441 | n - n = Z. |
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442 | #n. |
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443 | nelim n. |
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444 | nnormalize. |
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445 | @. |
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446 | #N H. |
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447 | nnormalize. |
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448 | nrewrite > H. |
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449 | @. |
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450 | nqed. |
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451 | |
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452 | (* |
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453 | nlemma succ_injective: |
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454 | ∀m, n: Nat. |
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455 | S m = S n → m = n. |
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456 | #m n. |
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457 | nelim m. |
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458 | #H. |
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459 | ninversion H. |
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460 | #H. |
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461 | ndestruct |
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462 | |
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463 | nlemma plus_minus_associate: |
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464 | ∀m, n, o: Nat. |
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465 | (m + n) - o = m + (n - o). |
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466 | #m n o. |
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467 | nelim m. |
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468 | nnormalize. |
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469 | @. |
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470 | #N H. |
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471 | |
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472 | |
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473 | nlemma plus_minus_inverses: |
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474 | ∀m, n: Nat. |
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475 | (m + n) - n = m. |
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476 | #m n. |
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477 | nelim m. |
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478 | nnormalize. |
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479 | napply minus_minus. |
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480 | #N H. |
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481 | *) |
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